What is H-type TEF?

What is H-type TEF?

H-type tracheoesophageal fistula (H-TEF) is a rare, life-threatening congenital anomaly, which accounts for 4- 5% of all esophageal atresias/ tracheoesophageal fistula (EA/TEF).

How common is H-type TEF?

Tracheoesophageal fistula (TEF) without associated esophageal atresia is a rare congenital abnormality. The incidence of H-type TEF accounts for about 4% of tracheoesophageal abnormalities with an incidence of about 1 per 100 000 births.

How is H-type tracheoesophageal fistula diagnosed?

The diagnosis of EA/TEF is confirmed by attempting to pass a nasogastric tube (a tube that runs from the nose to the stomach via the esophagus) down the throat of infants who have require excessive suction of mucus, or are born to mothers with polyhydramnios, or, if earlier signs are missed have difficulty feeding.

What are the 5 types of tracheoesophageal fistula?

Type A = pure esophageal atresia; type B = esophageal atresia with proximal tracheoesophageal fistula; type C = esophageal atresia with distal tracheoesophageal fistula; type D = esophageal atresia with proximal and distal tracheoesophageal fistula; type E = H-type tracheoesophageal fistula without esophageal atresia.

Is esophageal atresia the same as tracheoesophageal fistula?

Esophageal atresia (EA) occurs when the upper part of the esophagus does not connect with the lower esophagus and stomach. Tracheoesophageal fistula (TEF) is an abnormal connection between the upper part of the esophagus and the trachea or windpipe.

What is a TEF repair?

Tracheoesophageal fistula and esophageal atresia repair is surgery to repair two birth defects in the esophagus and trachea. The defects usually occur together.

What causes TEF in babies?

A tracheoesophageal fistula (TEF) is an abnormal connection between these two tubes. As a result, swallowed liquids or food can be aspirated (inhaled) into your child’s lungs. Feeding into the stomach directly can also lead to reflux and aspiration of stomach acid and food.

Is TEF curable?

For TEF, the primary goal of therapy is closure of fistula between digestive and respiratory fistulas. Most of the fistula cannot be approached surgically. Moreover, medication treatment is unable to cure the disease. The therapy of TEF is always a challenge in medicine.

Is TEF hereditary?

In most cases, tracheoesophageal fistula (TEF) is not inherited and there is only one affected person in a family. When TEF is isolated (i.e. does not occur with any other abnormalities), it is considered a multifactorial condition (caused by a combination of various genetic and environmental factors ).

Is TEF a genetic disorder?

Isolated EA/TEF is considered to be a multifactorial condition, which means that multiple gene variations and environmental factors likely contribute to its occurrence. In most cases of isolated EA/TEF, no specific genetic changes or environmental factors have been conclusively determined to be the cause.

What are the risks of H type TEF?

Background: H-type TEF without esophageal atresia (EA) is a rare anomaly with a fundamentally different management algorithm than the more common types of EA/TEF. Outcomes after surgical treatment of H-type TEF are largely unknown, but many authoritative textbooks describe a high incidence of respiratory complications.

What kind of fistula is congenital H-type?

Congenital H-type tracheoesophageal fistula: A multicenter review of outcomes in a rare disease Level IV. Level IV. Congenital H-type tracheoesophageal fistula: A multicenter review of outcomes in a rare disease J Pediatr Surg.

What kind of bronchoscopy is done for H type TEF?

With high suspicion of H-type TEF, bronchoscopy was done which revealed an ovoid fistulous opening in the trachea at the level of T1 vertebra. Preoperative bronchoscopy was done and fogarty catheter was introduced through the fistula.

Is the H type Tracheo Oesophageal Fistula rare?

‘H’ type tracheo-oesophageal fistula is an isolated type with an incidence of 4–5% and least association with congenital anomalies.

What is H-type TEF? H-type tracheoesophageal fistula (H-TEF) is a rare, life-threatening congenital anomaly, which accounts for 4- 5% of all esophageal atresias/ tracheoesophageal fistula (EA/TEF). How common is H-type TEF? Tracheoesophageal fistula (TEF) without associated esophageal atresia is a rare congenital abnormality. The incidence of H-type TEF accounts for about 4% of tracheoesophageal abnormalities…